This survey took place between 5-8 August 2016 and was conducted throughout all of Russia in both urban and rural settings. The survey was carried out among 1600 people over the age of 18 in 137 localities of 48 of the country’s regions. The survey was conducted as a personal interview in respondents’ homes. The answer distribution is presented as percentages of the number of participants along with data from previous surveys.
The statistical error of these studies for a selection of 1600 people (with a probability of 0.95) does not exceed:
3.4% for indicators around 50%
2.9% for indicators around 25%
2.0% for indicators around 10%
1.5% for indicators around 5%
Ethnophobia: Trend Data for the Year
DO YOU THINK THERE SHOULD BE RESTRICTIONS ON THE RESIDENCY IN RUSSIA OF… (multiple answers)
|
Aug. 04 |
Aug. 06 |
Aug. 07 |
Aug. 09 |
Aug. 10 |
Aug. 11 |
Aug. 12 |
Oct. 13 |
Jul. 14 |
Aug. 15 |
Aug. 16 |
|
| People from the Caucasus | 46 | 42 | 44 | 38 | 37 | 39 | 42 | 54 | 38 | 29 | 34 |
| People from Central Asian former Soviet Republics | 31 | 23 | 25 | 20 | 27 | 26 | 35 | 45 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Chinese | 39 | 41 | 41 | 34 | 36 | 30 | 37 | 45 | 33 | 24 | 24 |
| Roma | 32 | 29 | 25 | 22 | 30 | 18 | 29 | 32 | 23 | 22 | 21 |
| Vietnamese | 39 | 35 | 34 | 24 | 33 | 21 | 31 | 32 | 27 | 22 | 19 |
| Ukrainians | 8 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 14 | 13 |
| Jews | 15 | 13 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 |
| All nationalities except Russian | 14 | 11 | 10 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 18 |
| There should be no restrictions on any nationalities’ residency | 21 | 25 | 23 | 19 | 21 | 17 | 18 | 11 | 21 | 25 | 20 |
| It is difficult to say | 5 | 7 | 8 | 14 | 12 | 15 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
WHAT FEELINGS DO YOU PERSONALLY EXPERIENCE TOWARD PEOPLE FROM THE SOUTHERN REPUBLICS LIVING IN YOUR CITY, REGION? (multiple answers)
|
Dec. 04 |
Nov. 06 |
Nov. 07 |
Dec. 08 |
Dec. 10 |
Dec. 11 |
Nov. 12 |
Oct. 13 |
Mar. 14 |
Jul. 14 |
Aug. 15 |
Aug. 16 |
|
| Respect | 3 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
| Affection | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 |
| Annoyance | 23 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 21 | 25 | 20 | 17 | 18 | 15 |
| Contempt | 24 | 15 | 18 | 14 | 15 | 20 | 21 | 30 | 21 | 20 | 16 | 18 |
| Fear | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 5 |
| No particular feelings | 46 | 56 | 54 | 61 | 57 | 57 | 46 | 39 | 43 | 54 | 55 | 60 |
| It is difficult to say | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE IDEA OF “RUSSIA FOR RUSSIANS”?
|
Jul. 02 |
Aug. 04 |
Aug. 06 |
Aug. 07 |
Oct. 08 |
Nov. 09 |
Jan. 11 |
Nov. 11 |
Nov. 12 |
Oct. 13 |
Jul. 14 |
Aug. 15 |
Aug. 16 |
|
| I support it, it’s high time to make it a reality | 17 | 22 | 17 | 14 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 19 | 15 | 23 | 18 | 16 | 14 |
| It wouldn’t be bad to implement it, but within reason | 38 | 37 | 37 | 41 | 42 | 36 | 43 | 40 | 41 | 43 | 36 | 35 | 38 |
| Negative, it’s pure fascism | 28 | 25 | 28 | 27 | 25 | 32 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 19 | 27 | 25 | 21 |
| I’m not interested in it | 10 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 13 | 11 | 14 | 9 | 14 | 16 | 21 |
| It is difficult to say | 7 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 6 |
Inter-ethnic tension and conflict potential
IS THERE CURRENTLY PALPABLE INTER-ETHNIC TENSION IN THE CITY, REGION WHERE YOU LIVE?
|
Nov. 05 |
Apr. 06 |
Nov. 06 |
Apr. 07 |
Dec. 08 |
Dec. 10 |
Dec. 11 |
Nov. 12 |
Oct. 13 |
Jul. 14 |
Aug. 15 |
Aug. 16 |
|
| Definitely yes | 5 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| Probably yes | 21 | 18 | 23 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 21 | 24 | 33 | 20 | 16 | 15 |
| Probably no | 44 | 44 | 40 | 46 | 41 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 39 | 50 | 45 | 46 |
| Definitely no | 26 | 30 | 24 | 27 | 24 | 20 | 24 | 20 | 13 | 21 | 28 | 33 |
| It is difficult to say | 4 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 4 |
ARE BLOODY ETHNIC MASS CONFLICTS CURRENTLY POSSIBLE IN THE AREA WHERE YOU LIVE?
|
Jul. 02 |
Jul. 07 |
Oct. 08 |
Nov. 09 |
Jan. 11 |
Nov. 11 |
Nov. 12 |
Oct. 13 |
Jul. 14 |
Aug. 15 |
Aug. 16 |
|
| Definitely yes | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Probably yes | 19 | 16 | 16 | 8 | 22 | 14 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 11 | 9 |
| Probably no | 43 | 46 | 41 | 38 | 42 | 40 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 43 | 46 |
| Definitely no | 25 | 22 | 30 | 42 | 21 | 28 | 23 | 19 | 31 | 35 | 38 |
| It is difficult to say | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 5 |
ARE BLOODY ETHNIC MASS CONFLICTS CURRENTLY POSSIBLE IN RUSSIA?
|
Jul. 02 |
Jul. 07 |
Oct. 08 |
Nov. 09 |
Jan. 11 |
Nov. 11 |
Nov. 12 |
Oct. 13 |
Jul. 14 |
Aug. 15 |
Aug. 16 |
|
| Definitely yes | 12 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 15 | 11 | 11 | 17 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| Probably yes | 37 | 37 | 29 | 20 | 41 | 28 | 32 | 45 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| Probably no | 30 | 32 | 32 | 39 | 28 | 39 | 36 | 24 | 46 | 42 | 46 |
| Definitely no | 12 | 8 | 18 | 25 | 6 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 20 | 23 | 22 |
| It is difficult to say | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 8 |
WHICH POLITICAL COURSE DO YOU THINK RUSSIA SHOULD TAKE: ATTEMPT TO LIMIT THE FLOW OF IMMIGRANTS INTO THE COUNTRY, OR ATTEMPT TO USE IT TO RUSSIA’S BENEFIT AND NOT PLACE ANY ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS IN ITS WAY?
|
Jul. 02 |
Aug. 04 |
Oct. 05 |
Aug. 06 |
Aug. 07 |
Oct. 08 |
Nov. 09 |
Jan. 11 |
Nov. 11 |
Aug. 12 |
Oct. 13 |
Feb. 14 |
Jul. 14 |
Aug. 15 |
Mar. 16 |
Aug. 16 |
|
| Attempt to limit the flow of immigrants | 45 | 54 | 59 | 52 | 57 | 52 | 61 | 68 | 64 | 70 | 78 | 72 | 76 | 68 | 80 | 66 |
| Attempt to use the flow of immigrants into the country to Russia’s benefit and not place any administrative barriers in its way | 44 | 38 | 36 | 39 | 32 | 35 | 30 | 24 | 28 | 20 | 14 | 19 | 16 | 23 | 10 | 23 |
| It is difficult to say | 10 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| The share of respondents who named events related to the European migrant crisis as the most memorable (as a percentage) | Position in rating of memorable events | |
| Sept.15 | 27 | 2 |
| Oct.15 | 33 | 2 |
| Nov.15 | 28 | 2 |
| Nov.15 | 20 | 4 |
| Dec.15 | 16 | 11 |
| Jan.16 | 28 | 3 |
| Feb.16 | 26 | 4 |
| Feb.16 | 20 | 4 |
| Mar.16 | 20 | 4 |
| Mar.16 | 19 | 7 |
| May.16 | 11 | 10 |
| Apr.16 | 14 | 4 |
TO WHAT DEGREE DO YOU AGREE WITH THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT: “IMMIGRANTS ENRICH RUSSIAN SOCIETY BY BRINGING NEW IDEAS AND CULTURES WITH THEM”?
| Jul.96 | Jul.03 | Oct.12 | Aug.16 | |
| Fully agree | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 |
| Probably agree | 17 | 15 | 15 | 11 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 20 | 18 | 27 | 29 |
| Probably disagree | 17 | 22 | 29 | 33 |
| Fully disagree | 15 | 15 | 17 | 21 |
| It is difficult to say | 24 | 24 | 8 | 5 |
TO WHAT DEGREE DO YOU AGREE WITH THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT: “OVERALL, IMMIGRANTS ARE DESTROYING RUSSIAN CULTURE”?
| Oct.12 | Aug.16 | |
| Fully agree | 18 | 16 |
| Probably agree | 28 | 23 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 28 | 28 |
| Probably disagree | 15 | 19 |
| Fully disagree | 4 | 8 |
| It is difficult to say | 7 | 6 |
TO WHAT DEGREE DO YOU AGREE WITH THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT: “IMMIGRANTS OVERALL FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY”?
| Jul.96 | Jul.03 | Oct.12 | Aug.16 | |
| Fully agree | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
| Probably agree | 11 | 12 | 19 | 11 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 20 | 17 | 29 | 31 |
| Probably disagree | 24 | 28 | 29 | 34 |
| Fully disagree | 17 | 18 | 14 | 17 |
| It is difficult to say | 24 | 22 | 6 | 5 |
TO WHAT DEGREE DO YOU AGREE WITH THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT: “IMMIGRANTS LEAD TO INCREASED CRIME RATES”?
| Jun.96 | Jul.03 | Oct.12 | Aug.16 | |
| Fully agree | 29 | 35 | 34 | 26 |
| Probably agree | 25 | 24 | 37 | 38 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 13 | 12 | 17 | 21 |
| Probably disagree | 11 | 10 | 7 | 8 |
| Fully disagree | 6 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
| It is difficult to say | 16 | 14 | 5 | 4 |
TO WHAT DEGREE DO YOU AGREE WITH THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT: “IMMIGRANTS TAKE JOBS AWAY FROM RUSSIANS”?
| Jun.96 | Jul.03 | Oct.12 | Aug.16 | |
| Fully agree | 21 | 32 | 31 | 27 |
| Probably agree | 27 | 26 | 36 | 35 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 14 | 15 | 18 | 22 |
| Probably disagree | 15 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Fully disagree | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
| It is difficult to say | 15 | 10 | 4 | 3 |
IN YOUR VIEW, HAS THE NUMBER OF IMMIGRANTS IN THE AREA WHERE YOU LIVE DECREASED, REMAINED THE SAME, OR INCREASED OVER THE LAST TWO YEARS?
| Aug.16 | |
| Significantly decreased | 1 |
| Probably decreased | 6 |
| Remained the same | 43 |
| Probably increased | 31 |
| Significantly increased | 11 |
| It is difficult to say | 7 |
IN YOUR OPINION, WHAT POLITICAL COURSE SHOULD THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT TAKE REGARDING IMMIGRANTS?
| Total for sample selection | Among respondents with a HIGH level of interpersonal trust * | Among respondents with a LOW level of interpersonal trust * | |
| Attempt to limit the flow of immigrants | 66 | 55 | 71 |
| Attempt to use the flow of immigrants to Russia’s benefit and not place any administrative barriers in its path | 23 | 29 | 21 |
| It is difficult to say | 11 | 15 | 8 |
* Based on the question: “REGARDING HUMAN RELATIONS, YOU WOULD SAY, BASED ON YOUR EXPERIENCE, THAT…”
Translated by Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (formerly Monterey Institute of International Studies).
The ANO Levada Center has been included in the register of non-commercial organizations acting as foreign agents. See the Director of the Levada Center’s statement of disagreement with this decision here.