Левада-Центр : The results of year

This survey took place between 18 and 21 December 2015 and was conducted throughout all of Russia in both urban and rural settings. The survey was carried out among 1600/800 people over the age of 18 in 137 localities of 48 of the country’s regions. The answer distribution is presented as percentages of the number of participants along with data from previous surveys. The statistical error of these studies does not exceed 3.4%/4.1%.

WHICH EVENTS OF 2015 DO YOU THINK WERE THE MOST IMPORTANT? (respondents chose no more than six answers from a list; N=1600)

	Dec.15
1. Terrorist bombing of Russian Kogalymavia flight in Egypt	39
2. Downing of Russian bomber by Turkish air force	34
3. Crash of the ruble at the beginning of the year	29
4. Russia’s bombing campaign in Syria	28
5. 70^th anniversary of victory in World War II, May 9^th parade in Red Square	27
6. Fall of oil prices/growth of dollar at the end of the year	27
7. USA and Western Europe’s sanctions against Russia	22
8. Paris terror attacks	21
9-10. Immortal Regiment march	17
9-10. Military operations in Eastern Ukraine/Donbass	17
11. Influx of Middle Eastern and African immigrants into Europe	16
12. Renewal of EU sanctions against Russia	14
13. Vladimir Putin’s December press-conference	13
14. Introduction of sanctions against Turkey	11
15. Introduction of compulsory fees for housing repair	11
16. Ban on imports from the US and Western Europe	10
17-18. Jumbo jet A320 crash in southern France	9
17-18. Energy and trade blockade of Crimea by Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar radicals	9
19. Minsk negotiations and Minsk Agreement on Donbass	9
20. Truckers’ protest against transit fees on trucks	9
21. Murder of Boris Nemtsov	8
22. Vladimir Putin’s Address to the Federal Assembly of Russia	8
23. Doping scandal / expulsion of Russian athletes from international competitions and the 2016 Olympics	7
24. Collapse of trooper barracks in Omsk	7
25. Vladimir Putin’s speech at the UN General Assembly	7
26. Terror attack on Tunisian beach	6
27. Withdrawal of heavy arms from the contact line in Donbass	6
28-29. April 16 broadcast of Direct Line With Vladimir Putin	5
28-29. Destruction of imported goods	5
30. Publication of The Anti-Corruption Foundation’s investigation into ties between Prosecutor General of Russia Yury Chaika’s family and organized crime	5
31. Russian team’s qualification for the 2016 UEFA European Championship finals	4
32. «Krasnogorsk Shooter” Amiran Georgadze’s rampage	4
33. Parol of Evgeniya Vasileva, convicted in the Oboronservis case	4
34. Sergey Ursulyak’s And Quietly Flows the Don TV-series	3
35. September 13^th regional elections in Russia	3
36. Writer Svetlana Aleksievich winning the Nobel Prize	2
37. Orthodox activists’ vandalism of art exhibition in Manezh	2
38. Vladimir Putin’s submersible dive in Crimea	2
39. Lyudmila Alexeyeva winning the Vaclav Havel Award for Human Rights	1
40. Andrey Zvyagintsev’s film Leviathan winning international awards	1
41. Other	3
42. It is difficult to say	5

2015 IS COMING TO A CLOSE. HOW WAS 2015 FOR RUSSIA IN COMPARISON WITH 2014: MORE DIFFICULT, EASIER, OR THE SAME?(N=1600)

	More difficult	Easier	The same
2015	60	11	29
2014	57	12	31
2013	34	20	46
2012	31	22	47
2011	28	23	50
2010	43	22	36
2009	62	11	27
2008	46	17	38
2007	20	33	47
2006	22	24	54
2005	26	23	52
2004	34	18	48
2003	21	25	54
2002	32	22	46
2001	23	31	46
2000	38	27	35
1999	50	15	35
1998	82	3	15
1997	37	17	46
1996	62	11	27
1995	55	13	33
1994	58	12	31
1993	65	11	25
1992	82	4	13
1991	88	3	9
1990	93	1	6
1989	83	4	13
1988	78	7	17

HOW WAS 2015 FOR YOU AND YOUR FAMILY IN COMPARISON WITH 2014: MORE DIFFICULT, EASIER, OR THE SAME? (N=1600)

	More difficult	Easier	The same
2015	55	11	34
2014	39	14	47
2013	30	23	47
2012	32	21	46
2011	29	22	49
2010	41	22	37
2009	57	12	31
2008	44	18	38
2007	26	30	44
2006	28	24	47
2005	34	21	45
2004	40	19	41
2003	24	27	49
2002	30	21	49
2001	26	26	48
2000	36	26	38
1999	48	15	37
1998	79	3	18
1997	43	16	41
1996	62	14	24
1995	53	13	34
1992	72	8	20
1991	73	7	20
1990	74	7	19
1989	58	13	29
1988	40	10	50

WOULD YOU SAY THAT 2015 WAS OVERALL A SUCCESSFUL OR UNSUCCESSFUL YEAR FOR YOU PERSONALLY? (N=1600)

	Succesful	Unsuccesful	It is difficult to say
2015	40	37	23
2014	48	26	27
2013	51	24	25
2012	47	31	22
2011	50	26	24
2010	48	29	23
2009	43	37	20
2008	46	32	22
2007	52	28	20
2006	49	29	22
2005	47	34	20
2004	42	37	21
2003	51	34	14
2002	49	37	14
2001	42	38	20
2000	37	51	12
1999	36	51	14

WOULD YOU DESCRIBE 2015 AS A VERY GOOD, GOOD, AVERAGE, BAD, OR VERY BAD YEAR? (N=1600)

	Very good	Good	Average	Bad	Very bad	It is difficult to say
2015	1	9	57	25	4	3
2014	3	16	63	15	1	2
2013	2	19	63	13	1	3
2012	2	15	64	14	1	3
2011	1	17	67	12	1	2
2010	2	19	59	17	1	2
2009	1	12	61	23	2	2
2008	2	16	60	19	2	2
2007	3	22	61	11	2	2
2006	2	20	62	13	2	2
2005	1	16	66	14	2	2
2004	2	12	62	19	3	2
2003	2	15	69	10	2	2

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID MOST RUSSIANS’ STANDARD OF LIVING CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	3	75	17	5
2014	7	57	29	7
2013	11	39	43	7
2012	11	39	46	4
2011	9	42	43	7
2010	12	42	40	6

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID THE WORK OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	7	32	47	15
2014	10	26	51	13
2013	9	30	49	13
2012	9	29	50	12
2011	11	34	40	15
2010	14	30	44	13

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID THE WORK OF HOSPITALS/CLINICS CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	5	49	39	7
2014	7	38	47	9
2013	10	37	45	8
2012	9	40	45	6
2011	10	40	42	8
2010	12	37	45	7
2009	9	33	50	9
2008	11	36	43	10
2007	18	47	29	6
2006	16	30	46	9
2005	11	41	40	8
2004	13	39	39	8
2003	12	45	37	6
2002	12	50	33	5
2001	11	52	32	6
2000	8	45	40	7
1990	3	67	18	11
1989	5	40	36	19
1988	12	18	50	21

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID THE WORK OF POLICE AND OTHER LAW-ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	10	20	54	16
2014	12	19	55	14
2013	8	26	52	14
2012	10	23	55	11
2011	8	25	53	15
2010	11	31	45	13
2009	6	36	44	14
2008	10	24	48	18
2007	14	39	36	11
2006	6	25	51	15
2005	7	35	45	13
2004	10	29	46	15
2003	9	36	40	14
2002	10	41	38	10
2001	9	40	40	11
2000	11	30	48	11
1990	9	37	29	25
1989	16	19	31	34
1988	14	10	38	38

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID THE ACTIVITY OF TELEVISION, RADIO, AND PRINTED MEDIA CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	16	17	58	10
2014	17	14	59	10
2013	13	15	61	11
2012	15	16	63	6
2011	19	15	56	10
2010	22	16	53	9
2009	14	15	64	7
2008	17	16	55	12
2007	36	18	37	9
2006	24	14	53	9
2005	23	19	51	7
2004	25	19	50	6
2003	36	15	39	10
2002	36	24	36	4
2001	27	21	42	10
2000	24	16	52	8
1990	55	13	17	16
1989	70	4	13	12
1988	85	2	7	6

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	6	35	51	9
2014	7	32	50	12
2013	5	44	41	10
2012	5	31	55	9
2011	5	39	47	9
2010	7	47	38	8
2009	5	35	50	10
2008	8	36	45	11
2007	10	49	33	8
2006	8	39	44	9
2005	7	40	45	8
2004	9	41	43	7
2003	11	41	38	10
2002	9	52	34	5
2001	7	44	40	9
2000	7	37	48	8
1990	3	78	8	12
1989	5	68	14	13
1988	13	36	23	27

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID OPPORTUNITIES FOR WELL-PAYING JOBS CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	4	61	27	9
2014	7	46	36	11
2013	6	42	44	8
2012	10	34	48	8
2011	11	40	41	8
2010	10	44	37	10
2009	6	61	26	7
2008	10	50	30	10
2007	39	28	24	9
2006	22	26	45	8
2005	18	35	39	8
2004	19	37	37	7
2003	22	35	35	8
2002	26	36	31	8
2001	21	32	35	13
2000	18	25	46	11
1990	35	11	29	25
1989	28	13	33	26

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID COMMON PEOPLE’S INFLUENCE ON MATTERS OF STATE CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	3	30	57	10
2014	5	16	69	9
2013	3	30	59	9
2012	5	26	59	11
2011	4	26	61	9
2010	5	27	56	12
2009	3	30	55	13
2008	4	27	55	14
2007	12	30	48	11
2006	4	23	61	12
2005	3	32	56	10
2004	4	33	55	7
2003	11	25	54	11
2002	7	36	49	9
2001	4	37	48	11
2000	5	27	60	9
1989	21	6	43	29

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID CITIZENS’ PERSONAL SAFETY CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	6	36	51	8
2014	7	21	64	8
2013	6	31	54	8
2012	7	28	59	6
2011	6	30	57	8
2010	6	35	52	8
2009	6	41	46	8
2008	6	33	48	12
2007	11	44	38	8
2006	6	33	53	7
2005	5	44	45	5
2004	7	50	37	6
2003	10	47	37	6
2002	8	57	31	4
2001	4	55	36	6
2000	5	41	49	5
1989	5	54	24	16

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID THE ABILITY TO VOICE ONE’S OPINION FREELY CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	6	21	62	11
2014	9	13	70	9
2013	10	23	58	9
2012	10	21	62	8
2011	15	17	58	10
2010	10	23	56	11
2009	8	18	63	11
2008	13	18	59	10
2007	36	17	39	9
2006	14	13	62	11
2005	20	17	55	8
2004	16	18	58	8
2003	29	15	48	8
2002	31	20	42	7
2001	26	19	45	11
2000	19	18	56	8
1989	68	4	16	12

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID THE FAIRNESS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	2	48	39	11
2014	4	37	51	8
2013	4	45	41	11
2012	5	41	47	7
2011	3	41	48	8
2010	6	41	43	10
2009	3	46	40	12
2008	4	41	45	11
2007	9	46	32	13
2006	5	36	48	10
2005	4	44	42	10
2004	5	43	44	8
2003	6	42	43	9
2002	7	48	37	8
2001	5	51	32	12
2000	5	40	47	9
1990	5	48	32	15
1989	10	24	45	21

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW HAS THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT CHANGED IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	3	44	43	11
2014	6	40	49	5
2013	4	51	36	9
2012	4	43	46	7
2011	5	50	38	8
2010	7	49	38	7
2009	4	46	41	10
2008	5	40	48	8
2007	9	63	22	6
2006	6	48	39	7
2005	6	59	31	4
2004	6	54	35	6
2003	6	61	28	5
2002	7	60	29	4
2001	8	56	27	10
2000	5	52	36	7
1989	6	60	23	12
1988	8	57	26	10

IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DID RELATIONS WITH NATO AND THE WEST CHANGE IN 2015? (N=800)

	For the better	For the worse	No change	It is difficult to say
2015	4	61	24	12
2014	6	72	15	8
2013	5	29	45	22
2012	8	20	48	24
2011	11	24	41	25
2010	19	16	37	28

EVENTS IN WHICH COUNTRY CAUSED YOU THE MOST WORRY, DISTRESS IN 2015? (respondents named countries themselves; multiple answers; N=1600)

	Dec.15
Ukraine	50
Syria	39
Turkey	13
France	9
Egypt	8
Russia	6
USA	6
Islamic State	2
Iraq	2
DPR\LPR\Donbass	1
Poland	1
Libya	1
Iran	1
Germany	1
Greece	1
North Caucasus	1
Crimea	1
Afghanistan	<1
Moldova	<1
Latvia	<1
Georgia	<1
Tunisia	<1
Israel	<1
China	<1
Liberia	<1
Mali	<1
Middle East	1
European Union	1
Baltic States	<1
Worried by events but country not named	3
Other	1
None	2
It is difficult to say \ Don’t know \ No answer	11

WHICH COUNTRY’S ACHIEVEMENTS DO YOU CONSIDER MOST VALUABLE FOR RUSSIA? (respondents named countries themselves; multiple answers; N=1600)

	Dec.15
CHINA	23
BELARUS	7
GERMANY	4
INDIA	4
KAZAKHSTAN	3
EU COUNTRIES	3
USA	2
JAPAN	2
FRANCE	2
RUSSIA	2
SYRIA	1
ITALY	1
GREECE	1
GREAT BRITAIN	1
ARMENIA	<1
KOREA	<1
SWITZERLAND	<1
ISRAEL	<1
IRAN	<1
BRAZIL	<1
AZERBAIJAN	<1
SPAIN	<1
OTHER	1
THERE ARE NO SUCH COUNTRIES/NO ACHIEVEMENTS	8
IT IS DIFFICULT TO SAY \ I DON’T KNOW \ NO ANSWER	50

Translated by Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (formerly Monterey Institute of International Studies).

Левада-Центр

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The results of year

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