This survey took place between February 15–20, 2019 and was conducted throughout all of Russia in both urban and rural settings. The survey was carried out among 1600 people over the age of 18 in 137 localities of 50 of the country’s regions. The survey was conducted as a personal interview in respondents’ homes. The answer distribution is presented as percentages of the number of participants along with data from previous surveys.
The statistical error of these studies for a selection of 1600 people (with a probability of 0.95) does not exceed:
3.4% for indicators around 50%
2.9% for indicators around 25%/75%
2.0% for indicators around 10%/90%
1.5% for indicators around 5%/95%
The results of public opinion research demostrating Ukrainian residents’ attitudes toward Russians are from the Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS).
IN GENERAL, WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARD UKRAINE RIGHT NOW? (opinions of Russian residents — data from the Levada Center)
| Very positive | Generally positive | Generally negative | Very negative | It is difficult to say | |
| Feb. 19 | 4 | 30 | 30 | 25 | 10 |
| Nov. 18 | 3 | 25 | 31 | 29 | 11 |
| Sep. 18 | 3 | 30 | 32 | 23 | 12 |
| Jul. 18 | 4 | 33 | 29 | 20 | 15 |
| Mar. 18 | 2 | 31 | 35 | 20 | 12 |
| Jan. 18 | 3 | 32 | 34 | 13 | 18 |
| Dec. 17 | 2 | 26 | 39 | 17 | 17 |
| Sep. 17 | 3 | 29 | 33 | 20 | 15 |
| May 17 | 2 | 24 | 39 | 20 | 15 |
| Mar. 17 | 3 | 31 | 36 | 20 | 11 |
| Jan. 17 | 2 | 31 | 39 | 15 | 13 |
| Nov. 16 | 3 | 30 | 35 | 16 | 16 |
| Sep. 16 | 2 | 24 | 38 | 18 | 17 |
| Jul. 16 | 2 | 29 | 36 | 22 | 11 |
| Jun. 16 | 4 | 37 | 33 | 11 | 16 |
| May 27-30, 2016 | 4 | 35 | 37 | 10 | 13 |
| May 22-25, 2016 | 2 | 24 | 45 | 18 | 12 |
| Mar. 16 | 2 | 23 | 42 | 22 | 11 |
| Jan. 16 | 2 | 26 | 37 | 22 | 14 |
| Nov. 15 | 2 | 25 | 42 | 21 | 10 |
| Sep. 15 | 4 | 29 | 36 | 20 | 11 |
| May. 15 | 3 | 23 | 36 | 23 | 14 |
| Mar. 15 | 3 | 28 | 34 | 21 | 13 |
| Nov. 14 | 3 | 25 | 40 | 19 | 12 |
| Sep. 14 | 3 | 29 | 39 | 16 | 13 |
| May 14 | 5 | 30 | 33 | 16 | 17 |
| Mar. 14 | 6 | 46 | 28 | 9 | 11 |
| Sep. 13 | 7 | 62 | 20 | 3 | 8 |
| Mar. 13 | 8 | 61 | 19 | 3 | 9 |
| Sep. 12 | 8 | 66 | 14 | 3 | 10 |
GENERALLY, WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARD RUSSIA RIGHT NOW? (opinions of Ukrainian residents — data from KIIS)
| Very positive | Generally positive | Generally negative | Very negative | It is difficult to say | |
| Feb. 19 | 15 | 42 | 15 | 12 | 17 |
| Sep. 18 | 10 | 38 | 19 | 13 | 19 |
| Feb. 18 | 6 | 39 | 24 | 14 | 18 |
| Dec. 17 | 6 | 36 | 24 | 16 | 19 |
| Sep. 17 | 7 | 30 | 24 | 22 | 17 |
| May 17 | 5 | 38 | 22 | 15 | 19 |
| Feb. 17 | 8 | 32 | 25 | 21 | 15 |
| Sep. 16 | 7 | 33 | 26 | 20 | 15 |
| May. 16 | 9 | 33 | 29 | 14 | 15 |
| Feb. 16 | 9 | 27 | 28 | 19 | 16 |
| Sep. 15 | 9 | 25 | 22 | 31 | 13 |
| May. 15 | 5 | 25 | 25 | 32 | 14 |
| Feb. 15 | 7 | 27 | 24 | 27 | 15 |
| Dec. 14 | 7 | 29 | 26 | 22 | 16 |
| Sep. 14 | 14 | 34 | 23 | 19 | 11 |
| Apr. 14 | 17 | 35 | 19 | 19 | 10 |
| Feb. 14 | 27 | 51 | 11 | 2 | 9 |
| Sep. 13 | 34 | 54 | 7 | 2 | 4 |
| Feb. 13 | 32 | 53 | 6 | 1 | 6 |
| Sep. 12 | 34 | 49 | 8 | 3 | 6 |
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING OPINIONS CONCERNING RUSSIA’S RELATIONSHIP WITH UKRAINE WOULD YOU AGREE WITH MOST? (opinions of Russian residents — data from the Levada Center)
| Russia’s relationship with Ukraine should be the same as with other countries; they should have closed borders, visas, and customs | Russia and Ukraine should be independent yet friendly nations; they should have open borders and not have visas or customs | Russia and Ukraine must unite into one country | It is difficult to say | |
| Feb.19 | 25 | 52 | 17 | 6 |
| Sep.18 | 32 | 45 | 16 | 6 |
| Mar.18 | 39 | 45 | 10 | 5 |
| Dec.17 | 33 | 49 | 10 | 8 |
| Sep.17 | 34 | 49 | 11 | 6 |
| May.17 | 35 | 50 | 9 | 5 |
| Jan.17 | 33 | 53 | 9 | 5 |
| Sep.16 | 39 | 48 | 8 | 6 |
| May.16 | 36 | 53 | 7 | 4 |
| Jan. 16 | 32 | 52 | 11 | 5 |
| Sep.15 | 25 | 59 | 8 | 7 |
| May.16 | 30 | 54 | 10 | 6 |
| Jan.15 | 33 | 52 | 8 | 8 |
| Sep.14 | 26 | 62 | 7 | 5 |
| May.14 | 28 | 54 | 12 | 6 |
| Mar.14 | 16 | 50 | 28 | 7 |
| Jan.14 | 19 | 59 | 16 | 6 |
| Oct.13 | 23 | 55 | 16 | 6 |
| May.13 | 19 | 58 | 15 | 8 |
| Jan.13 | 13 | 64 | 18 | 6 |
| Sep.12 | 14 | 60 | 20 | 6 |
| May 12 | 17 | 62 | 14 | 7 |
| Jan. 12 | 16 | 61 | 16 | 8 |
| Sep.11 | 16 | 63 | 14 | 6 |
| May.11 | 16 | 64 | 15 | 5 |
| Jan.11 | 20 | 61 | 13 | 6 |
| Sep.10 | 16 | 60 | 18 | 6 |
| May.10 | 17 | 64 | 13 | 6 |
| Jan.10 | 25 | 55 | 14 | 6 |
| Sep.09 | 25 | 55 | 13 | 7 |
| May.09 | 25 | 55 | 14 | 6 |
| Jan.09 | 29 | 51 | 12 | 8 |
| Sep.08 | 24 | 52 | 13 | 11 |
| Mar.08 | 19 | 56 | 19 | 6 |
WHAT KIND OF RELATIONSHIP WOULD YOU LIKE UKRAINE TO HAVE WITH RUSSIA? (opinions of Ukrainian residents — data from KIIS)
| The two countries should have closed borders, visas, and customs | The two countries should have open borders, and no visas or customs | Ukraine and Russia must unite into one country | It is difficult to say | |
| Feb. 19 | 38 | 48 | 4 | 18 |
| Sep. 18 | 39 | 50 | 4 | 8 |
| Feb. 18 | 44 | 44 | 3 | 9 |
| Dec. 17 | 45 | 40 | 4 | 11 |
| Sep. 17 | 49 | 40 | 4 | 8 |
| May 17 | 43 | 47 | 4 | 6 |
| Feb. 17 | 47 | 43 | 2 | 7 |
| Sep. 16 | 49 | 43 | 3 | 6 |
| May 16 | 44 | 44 | 3 | 9 |
| Feb. 16 | 43 | 43 | 4 | 11 |
| Sep. 15 | 46 | 45 | 2 | 7 |
| May. 15 | 45 | 46 | 2 | 7 |
| Feb. 15 | 48 | 43 | 4 | 6 |
| Dec. 14 | 50 | 42 | 3 | 5 |
| Sep. 14 | 45 | 44 | 5 | 6 |
| Apr. 14 | 32 | 54 | 8 | 5 |
| Feb. 14 | 15 | 68 | 12 | 5 |
| Nov. 13 | 12 | 73 | 9 | 6 |
| May 13 | 11 | 69 | 14 | 5 |
| Feb. 13 | 13 | 68 | 16 | 3 |
| Sep. 12 | 11 | 72 | 14 | 3 |
| Feb. 12 | 13 | 69 | 16 | 2 |
| Nov. 11 | 13 | 67 | 16 | 2 |
| Oct. 10 | 10 | 67 | 20 | 2 |
| Jun. 10 | 12 | 70 | 16 | 2 |
| Mar. 10 | 11 | 67 | 19 | 3 |
| Jan. 10 | 8 | 66 | 22 | 4 |
| Oct. 09 | 11 | 67 | 19 | 3 |
| May 09 | 10 | 65 | 23 | 2 |
| Feb. 09 | 8 | 68 | 23 | 1 |
| Sep. 08 | 17 | 66 | 16 | 2 |
| Apr. 08 | 10 | 67 | 20 | 3 |
IN GENERAL, WHAT IS YOUR CURRENT ATTITUDE TOWARDS UKRAINE’S LEADERS? (Russians’ opinions — data from the Levada Center)
| May 14 | Sep. 14 | Feb. 15 | May 16 | Sep. 15 | Feb. 16 | Feb. 19 | |
| Very positive | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Generally positive | 9 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| Generally negative | 29 | 39 | 33 | 27 | 32 | 29 | 21 |
| Very negative | 50 | 47 | 56 | 59 | 55 | 58 | 64 |
| It is difficult to say | 10 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 8 |
IN GENERAL, WHAT IS YOUR CURRENT ATTITUDE TOWARDS UKRAINIANS (RESIDENTS OF UKRAINE)? (Russians’ opinions — data from the Levada Center)
| Oct. 06 | May 09 | May 14 | Sep. 14 | Feb. 15 | May. 15 | Sep. 15 | Feb. 16 | Feb. 19 | |
| Very positive | 10 | 7 | 22 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 25 |
| Generally positive | 71 | 68 | 59 | 52 | 50 | 50 | 52 | 51 | 57 |
| Generally negative | 11 | 15 | 10 | 21 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 8 |
| Very negative | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 5 |
| It is difficult to say | 6 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 6 |
GENERALLY, WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARDS RUSSIA’S LEADERS? (opinions of Ukrainian residents — data from KIIS)
| Sep. 14 | May. 16 | Feb. 19 | |
| Very positive | 9 | 2 | 4 |
| Generally positive | 12 | 6 | 9 |
| Generally negative | 10 | 14 | 22 |
| Very negative | 59 | 66 | 47 |
| It is difficult to say | 10 | 12 | 18 |
GENERALLY, WHAT IS YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARDS RESIDENTS OF RUSSIA? (opinions of Ukrainian residents — data from KIIS)
| Sep. 14 | May. 16 | Feb. 19 | |
| Very positive | 21 | 15 | 23 |
| Generally positive | 53 | 52 | 54 |
| Generally negative | 12 | 12 | 9 |
| Very negative | 6 | 10 | 5 |
| It is difficult to say | 8 | 12 | 9 |
Translated by Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (formerly Monterey Institute of International Studies).
The ANO Levada Center has been included in the registry of non-commercial organizations acting as foreign agents. Read the Director of the Levada Center’s statement of disagreement with this decision here.