This survey took place between 23-26 September 2016 and was conducted throughout all of Russia in both urban and rural settings. The survey was carried out among 800 people over the age of 18 in 137 localities of 48 of the country’s regions. The survey was conducted as a personal interview in respondents’ homes. The answer distribution is presented as percentages of the number of participants along with data from previous surveys.
The statistical error of these studies for a selection of 800 people (with a probability of 0.95) does not exceed:
4.1% for indicators around 50%
3.6% for indicators around 25%/75%
2.5% for indicators around 10%/90%
1.8% for indicators around 5%/95%
MORE THAN 20 YEARS HAVE PASSED SINCE THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN SUPPORTERS OF PRESIDENT YELTSIN AND THE SUPREME SOVIET OF RUSSIA (KHASBULATOV AND RUTSKOY) LED TO BLOODY CONFLICTS IN MOSCOW ON OCTOBER 3-4, 1993. WHAT, IN YOUR OPINION, WAS THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF THESE CONFLICTS? (respondents chose no more than two answers)
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Sept. 97 |
Sept. 98 |
Sept. 99 |
Sept. 00 |
Sept. 01 |
Sept. 02 |
Sept. 03 |
Sept. 04 |
Sept. 05 |
Sept. 06 |
Sept. 07 |
Sept. 09 |
Sept. 11 |
Sept. 12 |
Sept. 13 |
Sept. 14 |
Sept. 16 |
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| Yeltsin and his circle’s irresponsible policies | 24 | 31 | 32 | 34 | 31 | 32 | 29 | 32 | 32 | 28 | 23 | 24 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 24 | 22 |
| The breakdown of the country in general, which began before the conflict between Yeltsin and the Supreme Soviet | 37 | 31 | 25 | 24 | 35 | 36 | 31 | 33 | 35 | 35 | 32 | 32 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 20 |
| Rutskoy and Khasbulatov’s desire to maintain power by any means | 19 | 15 | 17 | 20 | 16 | 22 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 18 | 14 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 10 |
| Communist and extremist forces’ willingness to overthrow the government | 8 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 7 | 10 | 9 |
| Yeltsin and the government’s indecisiveness in putting down unrest, started by Supreme Soviet supporters | 11 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 |
| The army and internal troops’ hesitation | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 |
| The base instincts of the masses | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | <1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | <1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| It is difficult to say | 17 | 23 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 15 | 23 | 16 | 21 | 19 | 25 | 25 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 27 | 36 |
WHO, IN YOUR OPINION, WAS RIGHT?
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Sept. 06 |
Sept. 07 |
Sept. 08 |
Sept. 09 |
Sept. 11 |
Sept. 12 |
Sept. 13 |
Sept. 14 |
Sept. 16 |
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| Yeltsin supporters | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| Supreme Soviet supporters | 10 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 12 |
| Both, to some degree | 20 | 16 | 19 | 19 | 22 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 17 |
| Neither | 39 | 38 | 28 | 34 | 30 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 32 |
| It is difficult to say | 22 | 27 | 32 | 28 | 32 | 32 | 29 | 30 | 33 |
DO YOU BELIEVE THE USE OF MILITARY FORCE TO GAIN CONTROL OF THE SITUATION WAS JUSTIFIED DURING THE UNREST OF OCTOBER 3-4, 1993?
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Sept. 99 |
Sept. 02 |
Sept. 03 |
Sept. 04 |
Sept. 05 |
Sept. 06 |
Sept. 07 |
Sept. 09 |
Sept. 11 |
Sept. 12 |
Sept. 13 |
Sept. 14 |
Sept. 16 |
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| Yes | 18 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 17 | 19 | 26 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 16 | 15 |
| No | 56 | 59 | 57 | 58 | 60 | 61 | 49 | 60 | 55 | 54 | 58 | 62 | 54 |
| It is difficult to say | 25 | 18 | 24 | 20 | 23 | 21 | 25 | 23 | 30 | 29 | 27 | 22 | 31 |
Translated by Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (formerly Monterey Institute of International Studies).
The ANO Levada Center has been included in the register of non-commercial organizations acting as foreign agents. See the Director of the Levada Center’s statement of disagreement with this decision here.